Bidding for Host of Olympics
In order to host the Olympics， a city must submit a proposal to the IOC. After all proposals have been submitted， the IOC votes. If no city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote， the city with the fewest votes is eliminated， and voting continues， with successive rounds， until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance， allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the site of the Olympic Games， the IOC considers a number of factors， chief among them which city has， or promises to build， the best facilities， and which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. For instance， Tokyo， the host of the 1964 Summer Games， and Mexico City， the host of the 1968 Summer Games， were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia and in Latin America. Because of the growing importance of television worldwide， the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host city's time zone. Whenever the Games take place in the United States or Canada， for example， American television networks are willing to pay significantly higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live， in prime viewing hours.Once the Games have been awarded， it is the responsibility of the local organizing committee—— not the IOC or the NOC of the host city's country—— to finance them. This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television revenues and with corporate sponsorships， ticket sales， and other smaller revenue sources， such as commemorative postage stamps or proceeds from a national lottery. In many cases there is also direct government support. Although many cities have achieved a financial profit by hosting the Games， the Olympics can be financially risky. When the proceeds from the Games were less than expected， the city was left with large debts.
为了举办奥运会，申办城市必须向国际奥委会提交一份申请。在所有申请提交之后，国际奥委会开始表决。如果没有一座城市在第一轮投票中获得多数支持的话，得票最少的申办城市将被淘汰。表决继续进行，直到决出获得多数票的胜者。一般奥运会申办权会提前几年授予，以使获胜城市有时间准备奥运会。在选择奥运会主办地的过程中，国际奥委会会考虑几个因素，主要的是哪一个城市已经或者许诺建立最好的设施，以及哪个城市的组委会最有可能把奥运会办好。国际奥委会还要考虑世界上哪个地区还没有举办过奥运会。比如说，东京和墨西哥城之所以在1964年和1968年被分别选为夏奥会主办城市，部分原因是为了在亚洲和拉丁美洲推广奥林匹克运动。由于电视在世界范围内变得日趋重要，国际奥委会近年也将主办城市所在的时区作为考虑因素。比如，无论奥运会是在美国还是加拿大举办，美国电视网都愿意为电视转播权支付相当高的费用，因为这样他们便可以在黄金时间段现场直播深受观众欢迎的比赛项目。奥运会主办权一经确定，奥运会的资助将不再是国际奥委会或者主办国家的奥委会的工作，而成为主办城市组委会的职责。奥运会的收入通常会来自电视转播、公司赞助、门票销售以及诸如发行纪念邮票或者国家彩票等措施。多数情况下，政府也会直接提供支持。虽然许多主办城市曾经通过举办奥运会获得财政赢利，但举办奥运会依然存在着财政风险。一旦比赛的收入少于期望值，那么主办城市就会债务缠身。
《Bidding for Host of Olympics》一文